Company Incorporation Under Companies Act, 2013

Jan 21, 2026
Private Limited Company vs. Limited Liability Partnerships

Company incorporation under the Companies Act, 2013, is the formal legal process through which a business is brought into existence as a separate legal entity in India. Once incorporated, the company becomes distinct from its founders, capable of owning assets, entering into contracts, raising funds, and being liable for its own obligations.

This guide is designed for startup founders, SMEs, professionals, and foreign founders looking to set up an Indian entity. Whether you’re building a VC-backed startup, a bootstrapped business, or an Indian subsidiary, this blog will walk you through everything you need to know- types of companies, eligibility, documents, MCA process, forms, costs, timelines, and post-incorporation compliance- in one place.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

  • Company incorporation under the Companies Act, 2013, creates a separate legal entity with limited liability for shareholders.
  • Most startups choose a Private Limited Company because it supports equity, ESOPs, and fundraising better than many alternatives.
  • The core MCA flow is: DSC → DIN → Name approval → MoA/AoA → SPICe+ filing → Certificate of Incorporation.
  • You need a registered office address, basic KYC of directors/shareholders, and the right MoA Object Clause aligned with your business.
  • Timelines usually slip due to name rejection, incorrect attachments, or address proof issues—have backups ready.
  • After incorporation, complete essentials like opening a bank account, issuing share certificates, appointing an auditor, and setting a compliance calendar.

What Is Company Incorporation Under the Companies Act, 2013?

Simple meaning of incorporation

Incorporation is the legal act of registering a company with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) under the Companies Act, 2013. Once incorporated, the company gets its own identity- separate from its founders- recognised by law.

Legal impact of incorporation

  • Creates a separate legal person
  • Limits the liability of shareholders to unpaid share capital
  • Enables the company to own assets and incur liabilities
  • Allows the company to sue and be sued in its own name
  • Ensures perpetual succession, regardless of founder exits

Incorporation vs registration vs commencement of business

  • Incorporation: Birth of the company as a legal entity
  • Registration: An Informal term often used interchangeably with incorporation
  • Commencement of business: Post-incorporation declaration that the company has received its initial capital and can start operations

Benefits of Incorporating a Company

  • Limited liability for founders and shareholders
  • Credibility with customers, banks, and vendors
  • Fundraising readiness for angels, VCs, and ESOP issuance
  • Structured governance via board, resolutions, and statutory records
  • Easier vendor onboarding with a recognised legal entity
  • Clear IP ownership at the company level
  • Continuity, even if founders change

Types of Companies You Can Incorporate

  • Private Limited Company
    A Private Limited Company is the most widely used structure for startups and growing businesses in India. It supports equity issuance, ESOPs, and external fundraising while offering limited liability and strong regulatory recognition, making it ideal for tech startups, D2C brands, and scale-ready SMEs.
  • Public Limited Company
    A Public Limited Company is suited for large businesses that plan to raise capital from the public. While it offers access to wider funding avenues, it comes with higher compliance and disclosure requirements and needs at least 7 shareholders and 3 directors.
  • One Person Company (OPC)
    An OPC is designed for solo founders who want limited liability with single ownership. It is easy to manage but has restrictions on fundraising and must convert into another structure once the prescribed turnover or capital thresholds are crossed.
  • Section 8 Company (Non-profit)
    A Section 8 Company is formed for charitable or social objectives. Profits cannot be distributed to members, and while tax benefits may be available, these entities face higher scrutiny to ensure activities align with their non-profit purpose.
Type Best for Pros Cons
Private Limited Startups, SMEs Fundraising, ESOPs, credibility Compliance overhead
Public Limited Large enterprises Public fundraising High regulation
OPC Solo founders Limited liability Growth restrictions
Section 8 Non-profits Tax benefits No profit distribution
Did You Know?
A registered office proof (valid and recent utility bill along with NOC or lease agreement) is a common resubmission trigger—prepare clean documents upfront to avoid delays.

Documents Required for Company Incorporation

Director/shareholder KYC

  • PAN (Indian nationals)
  • Passport (mandatory for foreigners)
  • Aadhaar / Driving License / Voter ID
  • Address proof (bank statement or utility bill)

Registered office proof

  • Utility bill (electricity/water/gas) not older than 2 months
  • Lease deed or sale deed
  • NOC from owner (if rented)

Company-level details you must decide

  • Company name (2–3 options)
  • Business Activity and Object Clause
  • Capital structure and shareholding
  • Director roles and permissions

If a director/shareholder is foreign

Foreign involvement requires additional compliance and notarisation.

  • Passport apostilled or notarised
  • Address proof apostilled
  • FEMA considerations for shareholding
  • DIN allotted via SPICe+ with passport details

Step-by-Step Process to Incorporate a Company (MCA)

Step 1: Choose company type + structure

Start by selecting the most suitable company structure- Private Limited, OPC, Public Limited, or Section 8- based on your growth plans, fundraising needs, and compliance appetite.

Step 2: Get DSC for directors

All proposed directors must obtain a Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) from a government-recognised certifying authority. The DSC is used to digitally sign MCA forms and is mandatory for incorporation filings.  

Step 3: Name reservation

Apply for company name approval through SPICe+ Part A. The name must be unique, compliant with MCA naming guidelines, and clearly aligned with your business activities. 

Step 4: Draft MoA and AoA

The Memorandum of Association (MoA) defines what your company does—its object clause, capital structure, and liability. The Articles of Association (AoA) lay down internal governance rules such as share transfers, board powers, and voting rights. 

Step 5: File SPICe+ and linked forms

File SPICe+ Part B, the integrated incorporation form, along with linked forms like AGILE-PRO-S and INC-9. This single application covers incorporation, DIN allotment, PAN, TAN, and optional registrations such as GST, EPFO, and ESIC.

Step 6: Receive Certificate of Incorporation

Once the MCA verifies and approves the application, it issues the Certificate of Incorporation (COI). The COI includes your Corporate Identification Number (CIN) and confirms PAN and TAN allotment.

MCA Forms Explained

Stage Form Purpose Common mistake
Name SPICe+ Part A Name reservation Generic or trademarked names
Incorporation SPICe+ Part B Company incorporation Wrong object clause
Directors AGILE-PRO-S Linked registrations Missing attachments
Declaration INC-9 Director/shareholder consent Signature mismatch

Cost and Timeline for Incorporation (2026)

Typical timeline

  • Name approval: 1–3 working days
  • Incorporation filing: 3–8 working days
  • Total: 7–10 working days (From the date of document submission)

What decides the total cost

  • Authorised capital
  • Number of directors/shareholders
  • Professional fees
  • State-wise stamp duty

Post-Incorporation Checklist

  • PAN/TAN confirmation
  • Open a bank account
  • Appoint auditor
  • Issue share certificates + record shareholding

  • First board meeting & basic resolutions
  • Set up accounting & compliance calendar
  • GST (if required) & other registrations (if needed)

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

  • Name rejection: Check trademarks and keep backups
  • Incorrect object clause: Align MoA with real business model
  • Mismatched address proof: Ensure consistency and recency
  • Signature issues: Use a valid DSC and correct formats
  • Poor scan quality: Upload clear, legible documents
  • Wrong director details: Cross-check PAN and passport data
  • Missing declarations: Verify all linked forms
  • Not completing post-incorporation tasks: Plan compliance early

Razorpay Rize for Company Registration

Razorpay Rize is dedicated to fostering success through its affordable and streamlined company registration process.

Our package includes:

  • Company Name Registration
  • 2 Digital Signature Certificates (DSCs)
  • 2 Directors’ Identification Numbers (DINs)
  • Certificate of Incorporation(COI)
  • MoA & AoA [Applicable for Private Limited Companies and OPCs]
  • LLP Agreement [Applicable for LLPs]
  • Company PAN & TAN

*Prices and documents can differ based on the company type.

Conclusion

Company incorporation under the Companies Act, 2013, follows a clear and structured flow. You begin by choosing the proper company structure, obtaining DSC and DIN, securing name approval, drafting the MoA and AoA, filing SPICe+, receiving the Certificate of Incorporation, and finally completing the post-incorporation checklist.

The key to smooth incorporation lies in clean documentation, well-defined object clauses, and early compliance planning. When these fundamentals are in place from day one, you don’t just register a company- you create a scalable, compliant, and investable foundation for long-term growth.

Thinking about company registration? Get your company registered online - fast, compliant, and stress-free.
Get started with Razorpay Rize today!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

rize image

Register your Business at just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your Private Limited Company in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your One Person Company in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your Business starting at just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your Limited Liability Partnership in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between incorporation and registration under the Companies Act, 2013?

Incorporation is the formal legal process by which a company comes into existence as a separate legal entity under the Companies Act, 2013. “Registration” is a commonly used informal term and, in practice, refers to the same process. Legally, once the Certificate of Incorporation is issued by the MCA, the company is considered incorporated and registered.

How long does it take to incorporate a Private Limited Company in 2026?

If documents are clean and there are no name or form rejections, incorporation typically takes 5–10 working days. Delays usually occur due to name approval issues, incorrect attachments, or problems with registered office proof.

What documents are required for company incorporation on MCA?

You need KYC documents of directors and shareholders (PAN, passport for foreigners, address proof), registered office proof (recent utility bill, lease deed or ownership proof, and NOC), and company-level details such as proposed names, business activity (MoA object clause), and capital structure.

How do I choose the right MoA Object Clause for my business?

The MoA Object Clause should clearly describe your current core business while also allowing reasonable future expansion. Avoid being too narrow (which can restrict operations or fundraising) and too vague (which can lead to MCA objections).

Can foreign nationals be directors or shareholders in an Indian company?

Yes. Foreign nationals can be both directors and shareholders in an Indian company. They must provide a passport, notarised or apostilled documents, and comply with FEMA regulations. At least one director, however, must be a resident in India.

What are the mandatory compliances after incorporation?

After incorporation, a company must appoint its first auditor, open a bank account, issue share certificates, conduct the first board meeting, maintain statutory registers, and set up an accounting and compliance calendar. Depending on applicability, GST and other registrations may also be required.

Swagatika Mohapatra

Swagatika Mohapatra is a storyteller & content strategist. She currently leads content and community at Razorpay Rize, a founder-first initiative that supports early-stage & growth-stage startups in India across tech, D2C, and global export categories.

Over the last 4+ years, she’s built a stronghold in content strategy, UX writing, and startup storytelling. At Rize, she’s the mind behind everything from founder playbooks and company registration explainers to deep-dive blogs on brand-building, metrics, and product-market fit.

Read More

Related Posts

Digital Entrepreneur: Definition, Key Traits & How to Become One

Digital Entrepreneur: Definition, Key Traits & How to Become One

The rise of digital technology has completely changed how businesses are built. Today, anyone with an internet connection and a great idea can become an entrepreneur! Unlike traditional businesses that rely on physical stores or offices, digital entrepreneurs use online platforms, digital tools, and automation to create, market, and sell their products or services.

This shift has made starting a business easier than ever—you can launch from your laptop, scale globally, and reach customers 24/7. In this blog, we’ll break down what it means to be a digital entrepreneur, the must-have traits for success, and a step-by-step guide to turning your idea into a thriving online business.

Table of Contents

Who is a Digital Entrepreneur?

A digital entrepreneur is someone who builds and operates a business primarily online. They leverage digital tools, platforms, and technology to create and sell products or services. This can include e-commerce businesses, online courses, content creation, software-as-a-service (SaaS), and more.

Unlike traditional entrepreneurs who rely on physical storefronts or services, digital entrepreneurs operate in the virtual space, maximising global reach and scalability.

Is Digital Entrepreneurship on The Rise?

Yes! The digital entrepreneurship trend has grown significantly due to factors such as:

This model has gained immense popularity due to advancements in , where people prefer personalised shopping experiences and direct engagement with brands.

  • Increased internet accessibility
  • Advancements in digital marketing
  • Changing consumer behaviour toward online shopping and services
  • Growth of remote work opportunities
  • Rise of automation and AI-driven business models

Recent statistics show a significant increase in e-commerce and online-based businesses, highlighting the shift towards digital entrepreneurship.

Digital Entrepreneur Vs Traditional Entrepreneur

Key Differences:

Feature Digital Entrepreneur Traditional Entrepreneur
Business model Online-based Physical storefronts or services
Investment Low startup costs High capital investment
Scalability High, global reach Limited to physical locations
Customer acquisition Digital marketing strategies In-person sales & marketing
Flexibility Work from anywhere Location-dependent

What Are The Traits Of a Digital Entrepreneur?

Becoming a successful digital entrepreneur requires more than just a great idea—it takes a unique mix of skills and mindset to navigate the fast-paced online world. Here are the essential traits that set digital entrepreneurs apart:

  1. Adaptability – Ability to pivot based on market trends.
  2. Creativity – Innovative problem-solving and branding skills.
  3. Tech-Savviness – Understanding of digital tools and platforms.
  4. Risk-Taking – Willingness to experiment with new strategies.
  5. Data-Driven Thinking – Leveraging analytics for informed decision-making.
  6. Strong Digital Marketing Skills – Proficiency in SEO, social media, and content marketing.

What Does a Digital Entrepreneur Do?

Digital entrepreneurs engage in various activities, including:

  • Building and managing e-commerce businesses
  • Developing and selling digital products (eBooks, courses, software)
  • Leveraging social media for branding and marketing
  • Utilising SEO and paid ads to drive traffic
  • Managing customer relationships through CRM tools
  • Analysing market trends and optimising strategies

Benefits of Being a Digital Entrepreneur

  1. Low Startup Costs – No need for physical infrastructure.
  2. Global Reach – Ability to sell products or services worldwide.
  3. Flexible Work Schedule – Work from anywhere at any time.
  4. Passive Income Opportunities – Recurring revenue models like memberships and subscriptions.
  5. Scalability – Easy to expand and grow a digital business.

Limitations of Being a Digital Entrepreneur

  1. High Competition – Saturated online markets.
  2. Dependence on Technology – Reliance on digital tools and platforms.
  3. Cybersecurity Risks – Data breaches and online fraud concerns.
  4. Inconsistent Income – Revenue fluctuations based on demand and market changes.
  5. Continuous Learning – Rapidly evolving digital landscape requiring constant skill upgrades.

Why Become a Digital Entrepreneur? Top 5 Reasons!

1. Financial Independence

Becoming a digital entrepreneur means you're no longer trading time for money in the traditional sense. You can create multiple income streams from online courses, affiliate marketing, and digital products, to subscription-based services.

2. Flexibility and Work-Life Balance

No more rigid 9-to-5. As a digital entrepreneur, you set your own hours, build around your energy peaks, and work from wherever you feel most productive- home, café, co-working space, or even the beach.
This freedom allows you to spend more time with family, travel, or pursue personal interests while still growing a business that aligns with your lifestyle.

3. Reach a Global Audience

The internet removes geographical boundaries. You can launch a product in India and have your first customer in the US, Europe, or Southeast Asia within hours.

4. Business Scalability

Traditional businesses often require large teams, inventory, or physical space to grow. A digital business can scale rapidly without significant overhead. Automated systems, cloud tools, and digital marketing allow you to grow your impact and revenue exponentially with the same or fewer resources.

5. Opportunities for Passive Income

One of the biggest appeals of digital entrepreneurship is the potential to earn while you sleep. Once set up, digital assets like eBooks, online courses, memberships, or digital downloads can continue generating income without constant input.

Essential Skills Required to Become a Digital Entrepreneur

To succeed in digital entrepreneurship, one must develop key skills such as:

  • Digital Marketing (SEO, PPC, Social Media Marketing)
  • Content Creation (Blogs, Videos, Podcasts)
  • Social Media Management
  • Data Analytics & Market Research
  • Financial Management & Budgeting
  • Automation & CRM Tools Usage

How to Start Your Digital Entrepreneurship Journey: A Step-by-Step Guide

1. Identify a Niche

Your journey begins with clarity. Start by choosing a niche that blends your passion, skills, and real-world demand.
Ask yourself:

  • What topics or problems do I love talking about?
  • Where have I seen people willing to pay for solutions?
  • Can I offer something better, faster, or easier?

2. Validate Your Business Idea

Before you build, test the waters. Conduct market research to understand:

  • Who your ideal customer is
  • What problems do they face
  • What existing solutions exist (and how you can differentiate them)

Try this:

  • Launch a simple landing page with a lead magnet or waitlist
  • Post polls or surveys in niche communities
  • Offer a small-scale paid beta to early adopters

If people are willing to pay or share their email, you’re onto something.

3. Build an Online Presence

This is your digital storefront. A strong online presence builds trust and makes you discoverable.
Start with:

  • A simple, professional website (think: one-page intro, services, and contact form)
  • Clear branding and messaging
  • Social media profiles on platforms where your audience spends time (Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.)

4. Develop a Digital Marketing Strategy

Now it’s time to attract, engage, and convert your audience.
An ideal digital marketing mix could include the following:

  • SEO: So you show up when people Google your niche
  • Content Marketing: Blogs, videos, or newsletters that build authority
  • Social Proof: Testimonials, case studies, user-generated content
  • Paid Ads: For targeted reach and faster growth

5. Monetize Your Business

Once you’ve built attention and trust, it’s time to turn value into revenue. Popular digital monetisation models include:

  • Selling digital products (eBooks, templates, courses)
  • Freemium + subscription (tools, communities, membership sites)
  • Affiliate marketing (earn by recommending tools/services you love)
  • E-commerce or dropshipping (selling physical products online)

6. Scale Your Business

With traction in place, shift focus to optimisation and scale:

  • Automate repetitive tasks (emails, invoicing, onboarding)
  • Hire freelancers or delegate support functions
  • Create systems to deliver value without your constant presence
  • Explore partnerships, international markets, or additional revenue streams

Tools and Resources for Digital Entrepreneurs

Here are essential tools digital entrepreneurs can use:

  • Website Builders: WordPress, Shopify, Wix
  • E-commerce Platforms: WooCommerce, BigCommerce
  • Digital Marketing Tools: Google Analytics, SEMrush, Mailchimp
  • Social Media Management: Hootsuite, Buffer
  • SEO Tools: Ahrefs, Moz
  • Financial Management: QuickBooks, Razorpay

2. Validate Your Business Idea

Before you build, test the waters. Conduct market research to understand:

  • Who your ideal customer is
  • What problems do they face
  • What existing solutions exist (and how you can differentiate them)

Try this:

  • Launch a simple landing page with a lead magnet or waitlist
  • Post polls or surveys in niche communities
  • Offer a small-scale paid beta to early adopters

If people are willing to pay or share their email, you’re onto something.

3. Build an Online Presence

This is your digital storefront. A strong online presence builds trust and makes you discoverable.
Start with:

  • A simple, professional website (think: one-page intro, services, and contact form)
  • Clear branding and messaging
  • Social media profiles on platforms where your audience spends time (Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.)

4. Develop a Digital Marketing Strategy

Now it’s time to attract, engage, and convert your audience.
An ideal digital marketing mix could include the following:

  • SEO: So you show up when people Google your niche
  • Content Marketing: Blogs, videos, or newsletters that build authority
  • Social Proof: Testimonials, case studies, user-generated content
  • Paid Ads: For targeted reach and faster growth

5. Monetize Your Business

Once you’ve built attention and trust, it’s time to turn value into revenue. Popular digital monetisation models include:

  • Selling digital products (eBooks, templates, courses)
  • Freemium + subscription (tools, communities, membership sites)
  • Affiliate marketing (earn by recommending tools/services you love)
  • E-commerce or dropshipping (selling physical products online)

6. Scale Your Business

With traction in place, shift focus to optimisation and scale:

  • Automate repetitive tasks (emails, invoicing, onboarding)
  • Hire freelancers or delegate support functions
  • Create systems to deliver value without your constant presence
  • Explore partnerships, international markets, or additional revenue streams

How Razorpay Rize Helps Digital Entrepreneurs?

Razorpay Rize offers valuable solutions for digital entrepreneurs by providing:

  • Company Registration Assistance: Helping entrepreneurs legally establish their businesses as Private Limited, LLP & OPC.
  • Community: Building a strong community of 1,000+ early-stage founders to learn and grow together.
  • Dedicated programs: Running programs like Rize for YC and Pitch Perfect to help you pitch better, apply to YC, and raise funds.
  • Tools & Resources: Providing essential tools and resources like company registration, startup banking, and ready-to-use templates.

Final Thoughts

Digital entrepreneurship is a great way to start and grow a business with low upfront costs. With the right tools, skills, and mindset, anyone can build a profitable venture online. Whether it’s an eCommerce store, a coaching business, or a content brand, success comes from learning, staying creative, and adapting to change. There’s never been a better time to get started!

Frequently Asked Questions

rize image

Register your Business at just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your Private Limited Company in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your One Person Company in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your Business starting at just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business
rize image

Register your Limited Liability Partnership in just 1,499 + Govt. Fee

Register your business

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I identify a market for my digital business?

Start by exploring what you're passionate about and combine that with real demand. Look for problems people face, check search trends, join online communities, and analyse what people are already paying for. A good market has demand, room for differentiation, and growth potential.

How do I manage the growth and scale of my digital company?

Use tools and systems to automate tasks, hire freelancers or small teams, and focus on what's working. Invest in marketing, improve your product or service, and stay close to customer feedback.

Do I need a lot of money to start a digital business?

Not necessarily. Many digital businesses can be started with a small budget. You can begin with a simple website, free tools, and organic marketing. Start lean, validate fast, and reinvest profits into growth.

How can I validate my digital business idea before launching?

Talk to potential customers, create a landing page or MVP, run surveys or offer a pre-sale. The goal is to test interest and willingness to pay before investing too much time.

How do digital entrepreneurs make money?

They earn through various models like:

  • Selling digital products (eBooks, courses, templates)
  • Offering services or consulting
  • Running online stores (eCommerce)
  • Subscriptions or memberships
  • Affiliate marketing and ads

Choose the model that best fits your skills and audience.

Swagatika Mohapatra

Swagatika Mohapatra is a storyteller & content strategist. She currently leads content and community at Razorpay Rize, a founder-first initiative that supports early-stage & growth-stage startups in India across tech, D2C, and global export categories.

Over the last 4+ years, she’s built a stronghold in content strategy, UX writing, and startup storytelling. At Rize, she’s the mind behind everything from founder playbooks and company registration explainers to deep-dive blogs on brand-building, metrics, and product-market fit.

Read more
Filing LLP Form 24: How to Close Your LLP in India

Filing LLP Form 24: How to Close Your LLP in India

A Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) combines the benefits of a partnership and a company, making it an attractive choice for entrepreneurs. It offers key advantages such as:

  • Separate Legal Entity: An LLP has its own legal identity, distinct from its partners.
  • Limited Liability: The liability of partners is limited to their agreed contribution.
  • Tax Benefits: LLPs enjoy certain tax advantages compared to companies.

Despite these benefits, there may come a time when an LLP needs to be closed. This blog explains the step-by-step process of LLP closure.

Table of Contents

Closure of LLP - Overview

The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) closure process is a significant decision that can arise from various circumstances. Whether driven by voluntary factors, such as a mutual decision by the partners to discontinue operations, or involuntary factors, like non-compliance with statutory requirements, understanding the reasons and methods of closure is crucial.

The decision to close an LLP often stems from the following reasons:

  1. Voluntary Closure:
    Partners may mutually agree to cease operations due to business inactivity, an unprofitable venture, or a strategic shift in focus. This proactive decision is usually taken when all stakeholders conclude that continuing operations no longer align with their goals.
  2. Involuntary Closure:
    Sometimes, an LLP faces closure due to external circumstances such as non-compliance with legal or regulatory obligations, accumulation of penalties, or other statutory violations. In such cases, authorities may initiate the process of striking off the LLP from the official records.

Method or Procedure of Closing an LLP

Closing a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) in India can be carried out through two primary methods: Voluntary Winding Up and Striking Off. Each method has its unique set of requirements, advantages, and limitations. Choosing the right approach depends on the LLP’s operational and financial status. Let’s look into the details of these two LLP closing procedures:

1. Voluntary Winding Up

Voluntary winding up is a process initiated by the partners when they collectively decide to dissolve the LLP. This method is typically chosen when the partners agree to cease operations due to inactivity, unprofitability, or a strategic decision to exit.

Advantages of Voluntary Winding Up:

  • Controlled and Planned Process
  • Avoids Penalties for Non-Compliance

Disadvantages of Voluntary Winding Up:

  • Time-Consuming
  • Settlement of Liabilities Required

2. Striking Off

Striking off is a simpler and faster method for closing an LLP. It is suitable for LLPs that have been inactive for a significant period and have no outstanding liabilities. This process involves applying to the RoC to remove the LLP’s name from the register.

Advantages of Striking Off:

  • Simplified and Less Expensive
  • Suitable for Dormant LLPs

Disadvantages of Striking Off:

  • Not Applicable for LLPs with Liabilities
  • Limited Scope for Active LLPs

Step-by-Step Procedure to Close an LLP

A brief overview of the process for closure of LLP in India:

1. Passing a Resolution for Winding Up

The first step is for the partners to pass a resolution for voluntary winding up. A majority of partners must agree, and the resolution must be filed with the ROC within 30 days.

2. Appointing a Liquidator

The partners must appoint a liquidator to oversee the winding-up process. The liquidator’s role includes realising the LLP’s assets and settling its liabilities.

3. Realising Assets and Paying Off Liabilities

The liquidator identifies and sells the LLP’s assets to clear all outstanding liabilities. Surplus funds, if any, are distributed among the partners.

4. Filing the Necessary Forms with the ROC

The LLP must file forms such as Form 24 and other requisite filings with the ROC to notify the authorities about the closure.

5. Obtaining the Final Order of Dissolution

After reviewing all filings and confirming the settlement of liabilities, the ROC issues a final order of dissolution, formally closing the LLP.

Filing LLP Form 24: Step-by-Step Process

Closing a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) in India requires filing LLP Form 24 with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). Below is a simplified step-by-step process to help you navigate this procedure:

1. Cease Business Operations

Before applying for closure, ensure that the LLP has either never commenced business or has stopped all commercial activities. If your LLP is still active, suspend all operations before proceeding.

2. Settle Liabilities and Close Bank Accounts

LLP Form 24 can only be filed if the LLP has no outstanding creditors and all bank accounts are closed. Obtain a closure letter from the bank as proof.

3. Draft Partner Affidavits

All designated partners must prepare an affidavit declaring:

  • The LLP has ceased operations from a specific date or never started.
  • The LLP has no liabilities, and partners agree to indemnify any future claims.

4. Prepare Supporting Documents

Attach the following documents to LLP Form 24:

  • Copy of the latest Income Tax Return (if filed). If no returns were filed, this is not required for non-operational LLPs.
  • A statement of accounts showing nil assets and liabilities, certified by a Chartered Accountant, dated no more than 30 days before filing.

5. Resolve Pending Filings

Ensure that:

  • The LLP Agreement is filed, if not already done.
  • Any overdue Form 8 and Form 11 are submitted up to the date of cessation of business.

6. File LLP Form 24 with MCA

Submit the completed LLP Form 24 with all attachments to the MCA. Once reviewed, a notice of striking off will be published on the MCA website if no objections are raised.

Documents Required to Close the LLP

Here is a list of LLP closure documents required during the process:

  • Board Resolution for Winding Up: Document signed by all partners approving the winding-up process.
  • Liquidator’s Consent: Written consent from the appointed liquidator.
  • No-Objection Certificate from Creditors: If applicable, creditors must provide a no-objection certificate.
  • Final Accounts and Balance Sheet: Statement of accounts showing all liabilities cleared.
  • Tax Clearance Certificates: Certificate from the tax authorities confirming no pending dues.

 Conditions for LLP Closure

Certain conditions must be met before initiating the LLP closure process:

  • Settlement of Debts and Liabilities: All outstanding debts and liabilities must be cleared.
  • Statutory Filings: All statutory filings and compliance requirements must be up-to-date.
  • Approvals: Necessary approvals from all partners and creditors (if applicable) must be obtained.

Advantages and Disadvantages of LLP

Like any business entity, an LLP has its own advantages and disadvantages that should be carefully considered before choosing this structure.

Advantages of an LLP

  1. Limited Liability: The liability of partners is limited to their agreed contribution to the business, protecting personal assets in case of business debts or losses.
  2. Separate Legal Entity: An LLP is a separate legal entity from its partners, meaning it can own assets, enter into contracts, and sue or be sued independently.
  3. Flexibility in Management: There is no strict separation between ownership and management, allowing partners to manage the business as per their agreement.
  4. No Minimum Capital Requirement: Unlike private limited companies, LLPs do not have a minimum capital requirement, making them more accessible to small businesses and startups.
  5. Ease of Compliance: LLPs have fewer compliance requirements compared to companies, such as no mandatory board meetings or annual general meetings.
  6. Unlimited Number of Partners: An LLP can have any number of partners, offering greater flexibility in expanding ownership.
  7. Low Registration Cost: Setting up an LLP is more affordable than incorporating a private limited company.

Disadvantages of an LLP

  1. Limited Recognition: LLPs are not as widely recognised as private limited companies, which may affect investor confidence or business collaborations.
  2. Restrictions on Fundraising: LLPs cannot raise funds through equity, making them less suitable for businesses looking to attract venture capital or private equity investment.
  3. Limited Scope for Public Trust: LLPs are not listed on stock exchanges, so they may lack the transparency that comes with publicly traded companies, leading to lower public trust.
  4. Difficulty in Expansion: LLPs are not ideal for businesses aiming for rapid scalability, as the inability to issue shares limits their access to growth capital.

An LLP is an excellent choice for small businesses, professionals, and startups looking for a flexible, cost-effective business structure with limited liability. However, it may not be suitable for companies that require significant funding or aspire to scale rapidly. 

Frequently Asked Questions

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I close my LLP account?

To close your LLP account, follow these steps:

  1. Settle liabilities
  2. Pass a resolution
  3. File necessary documents
  4. Notify creditors & obtain consent (if any)
  5. Get Registrar’s approval

What is the process of leaving an LLP?

If an individual partner wants to leave an LLP, the process is as follows:

  1. Review the LLP Agreement
  2. Notify Other Partners
  3. Execute a Deed of Retirement
  4. File Form 3 and Form 4
  5. Update Bank and Other Records

Can an LLP be restored after its winding up?

Yes, an LLP can be restored after it has been struck off, but only under specific circumstances. The process is:

  1. Apply to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) for restoration within three years of the LLP being struck off.
  2. Provide valid reasons for seeking restoration, such as business resumption or wrongful closure.
  3. Ensure all pending annual returns, financial statements, and fees are filed with the RoC.
  4. If the tribunal is satisfied, it will issue an order to restore the LLP. The RoC will then update its records accordingly.

What complications of non-compliance you may need to face during the LLP winding-up process?

Non-compliance can lead to several challenges when winding up an LLP:

  1. Heavy penalties
  2. Legal issues
  3. Delay in the winding-up process
  4. Blacklisting & disqualification

How long does an LLP winding-up process take?

The duration of the winding-up process depends on the method and circumstances:

  • Voluntary Winding Up typically takes 4 to 6 months, depending on the completion of filings, approvals, and liability settlements.

Striking Off can be completed within 3 to 4 months if the LLP has no liabilities or pending compliance issues.

Nipun Jain

Nipun Jain is a seasoned startup leader with 13+ years of experience across zero-to-one journeys, leading enterprise sales, partnerships, and strategy at high-growth startups. He currently heads Razorpay Rize, where he's building India's most loved startup enablement program and launched Rize Incorporation to simplify company registration for founders.

Previously, he founded Natty Niños and scaled it before exiting in 2021, then led enterprise growth at Pickrr Technologies, contributing to its $200M acquisition by Shiprocket. A builder at heart, Nipun loves numbers, stories and simplifying complex processes.

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Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) for Startups | Razorpay Rize

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) for Startups | Razorpay Rize

The PMMY scheme launched in 2015 aims to provide MUDRA Loans to small and micro enterprises through various commercial banks, RRBs, SFBs, NBFCs, and Cooperative Banks.

Description Who is it for? Benefits
To loan funds in the form of MUDRA for promoting MSMEs For small-scale businesses & MSMEs Business loans ranging from Rs.50,000 to Rs.10 lakh can be applied under this scheme, which is divided into three categories: Sishu, Kishor, and Tarun.

The loan range may vary depending on growth, development, and funding needs. The MUDRA loan can be categorized into

  • Sishu - Up to Rs. 50,000
  • Kishore - Rs. 50,000 to 5 Lakh
  • Tarun - Rs. 5 Lakh to 10 Lakh
The essentials of US Incorporations - documents, eligibility and process.

Table of Contents

Eligibility

  • Must have business plans for service sector activities or trading or manufacturing activities.
  • In the case of an individual applicant, the age range must be between 18 and 65 years.
  • Must be a non-corporate and non-farm small and micro-enterprise.

Documents Required for the PMMY Scheme

  • Proof of identity
    Self-attested copy of Voter's ID card/Driving Licence/PAN Card/AadhaarCard/Passport/Photo IDs issued by Govt. authority etc.
  • Proof of Residence
    Recent telephone bill/electricity bill/property tax receipt (not older than 2 months) / Voter's ID card / Aadhaar Card / Passport of Individual / Proprietor/Partners/Bank passbook or latest account statement duly attested by Bank officials/Domicile certificate/certificate issued by Govt. authority/Local panchayat/Municipality etc.
  • Applicant's Recent Photograph (2 copies) 6 months or older.
  • Proof of Identity/Address of the Business
    Copies of relevant licenses/registration certificates/other documents pertaining to the ownership, identity, and address of the business unit, if any

Other relevant documents, like proof of category, quotation, etc., are also required during the application process.

Application procedure

If you are eligible, applying for a MUDRA loan is relatively easy and can be done both online & offline.

Online

  • Visit the official website of the PMMY-authorized financial institution from which you wish to avail of the Mudra loan.
  • Download the relevant form depending on the type of loan (Sishu, Kishore, and Tarun).
  • Fill out all the personal and business details and then “Submit” the form.
  • Once received, the application form is verified and processed accordingly. Following the verification, the loan amount is approved and disbursed.
  • The loan amount can be withdrawn with the help of a MUDRA card issued after the loan approval.
Application procedure

Offline

  • Visit a PMMY-authorized bank or NBFC of your choice.
  • Fill out the MUDRA loan application form with the required details.
  • Submit the application form with a self-written business plan and other documents to substantiate those details.
  • After successful document verification, the loan will get approved, and the desired amount will be credited.
  • Must have the required infrastructure and targeted acceleration programs.

Benefits of the PMMY Scheme

  • MUDRA loans can be taken for small amounts at affordable interest rates; also, the credit guarantee is borne by the Government.
  • This scheme could be availed without any collateral or security.
  • The Mudra loan scheme in collaboration with the “Make In India” campaign, helps in fostering innovation, facilitating investment, and improving skill development.
  • Women Borrowers can avail this scheme with discounted interest rates.
  • Relief of up to 1500 Crore will be provided to the Borrowers as Interest Subsidy under the Mudra Shishu Category.

Achievements Under PMMY Scheme

Here’s a table to highlight the achievements under the PMMY scheme in the last 3 years.

No. of PMMY loans sanctioned Amount sanctioned
FY 23–24 66777013 INR 541012.86 Crores
FY 22–23 62310598 INR 456537.98 Crores
FY 21–22 53795526 INR 339110.35 Crores

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1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
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Private Limited Company
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1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
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  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
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  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
(LLP)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
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  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is eligible to apply for the PMMY Scheme?

Individuals, including entrepreneurs, micro-enterprises, and small businesses in the non-corporate, non-farm sector, are eligible to apply for loans under the PMMY Scheme.

Is there any collateral required for loans under the PMMY Scheme?

Loans under the PMMY Scheme are collateral-free, meaning borrowers do not need to provide any security or collateral to avail of the loans, making them accessible to a wider segment of the population.

Can existing businesses apply for loans under the PMMY Scheme, or is it only for new startups?

The PMMY Scheme is open to both existing businesses and new startups. As long as the business falls under the micro-enterprise or small business category and meets the eligibility criteria, it can apply for a loan under the scheme.

What is the role of the Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) in implementing the PMMY Scheme?

The Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) acts as the nodal agency for the implementation of the PMMY Scheme. It works in collaboration with various financial institutions to ensure the effective disbursal of loans and monitoring of the scheme's progress.

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