Difference Between Businessman and Entrepreneur: Which Path is Right For You?

Mar 27, 2025
Private Limited Company vs. Limited Liability Partnerships

The terms "businessman" and "entrepreneur" are often used interchangeably, but there are distinct differences between the two. Understanding these differences between entrepreneur and businessman can help you determine which path aligns best with your skills, ambitions, and vision for success. In this article, we'll explore the key differences between a businessman and an entrepreneur, examining their mindset, risk-taking approach, and business goals. While a businessman typically follows an established model, an entrepreneur creates something new and innovative. Let's delve deeper into the difference between entrepreneur and business man to help you make an informed decision about your career path.

Table of Contents

Entrepreneur Vs Businessman: Know the Differences Now!

To clearly understand the difference between entrepreneur and business man, let's compare their key characteristics:

Aspect Entrepreneur Businessman
Definition Starts an enterprise based on a new idea or concept Sets up a business with an existing idea
Innovation Constantly works towards innovation in products, business models, and marketing strategies Focuses on executing known business ideas and models
Risk-taking Willing to take greater risks for higher rewards Takes calculated risks and prefers tested methods
Motivation Driven by the desire to innovate, create, and make an impact Primarily motivated by making money and generating profits
Approach Unconventional; creates new markets and explores uncharted territories Conventional; operates based on existing market conditions
Resources Usually starts with limited resources and arranges them along the way Mostly starts with adequate capital and business skills
Competition Aims to make competition irrelevant by creating new uncontested market spaces Tries to capture market share from existing players
Growth Always looking for rapid and significant growth Satisfied with slow and steady growth as long as the business remains profitable

By examining these key differences, you can begin to understand the distinct mindsets and approaches that define an entrepreneur and a businessman. While entrepreneurs bring innovation and disruption to industries, businessmen excel at optimising existing models for profitability and longevity.

Who is a Businessman?

A businessman is an individual who operates within the confines of an existing market, focusing on profitability and stability. They typically follow proven business models, work with lower risks, and aim for steady growth rather than groundbreaking innovation. Businessmen are skilled at identifying opportunities within established industries and leveraging their expertise to maximise returns.

Qualities of a Businessman

To succeed as a businessman, one must possess a unique set of qualities that enable them to navigate the challenges of running a business effectively. Some of the essential qualities of a successful businessman include:

  • Strong decision-making skills to navigate complex business situations
  • Effective risk management to minimise potential losses
  • Excellent leadership abilities to guide teams towards common goals
  • Financial acumen to optimise budgets and maximise profits
  • Adaptability to changing market conditions and consumer demands

A businessman with these qualities can effectively steer their organisation towards profitability, make sound financial decisions, and lead their team to achieve targets and milestones.

Types of Businessman

Businessmen can be categorised based on their business model and operations. Some common types of businessmen include:

  • Small Business Owners: These individuals own and operate small-scale businesses, often in local markets or niche industries.
  • Traders: Businessmen who engage in buying and selling goods or services for profit, often in wholesale or retail markets.
  • Manufacturers: Those who own and manage manufacturing facilities, producing goods for sale to other businesses or consumers.
  • Franchise Owners: Businessmen who operate a business under a franchising agreement, following established business models and brand guidelines.
  • Corporate Businessmen: High-level executives or managers within large corporations, responsible for overseeing departments or entire business units.

Each type of businessman contributes to the economy in their own way, whether by providing employment opportunities, generating revenue, or contributing to the overall growth of their industry.

Who is an Entrepreneur?

An entrepreneur is an individual who identifies a problem or opportunity, takes on the risk of starting a new venture to address it, and comes up with innovative ideas to disrupt the market. Entrepreneurs are driven by a passion for solving problems and creating value, often venturing into uncharted territories to bring their vision to life.

Entrepreneurs focus on building scalable businesses from the ground up, constantly seeking new ways to innovate and improve upon existing solutions. They are not afraid to challenge the status quo and take bold risks in pursuit of their goals. Some famous examples of entrepreneurs include Bill Gates (Microsoft), Steve Jobs (Apple), Elon Musk (Tesla, SpaceX), and Jeff Bezos (Amazon), all of whom founded highly innovative companies that revolutionised entire industries.

Qualities of an Entrepreneur

Successful entrepreneurs possess a distinct set of qualities that enable them to navigate the challenges of starting and growing a business. Some of the key qualities of an entrepreneur include:

  • Innovative thinking to come up with original, impactful ideas
  • Comfort with taking risks to bring unproven concepts to market
  • Resilience to overcome the many challenges of starting a business
  • Strong leadership skills to build and inspire talented teams
  • Adaptability to pivot business strategies as needed
  • Creative problem-solving abilities to navigate uncharted territory

These qualities help entrepreneurs blaze new trails and create value in the world.

Entrepreneurs with these qualities are well-equipped to identify market gaps, develop unique solutions, and persevere through the ups and downs of building a successful venture.

Types of Entrepreneur

Entrepreneurs can be classified based on their approach, industry, and level of innovation. Some common types of entrepreneurs include:

  • Small Business Entrepreneurs: These individuals start and run small businesses, often serving local markets or niche industries.
  • Scalable Startup Entrepreneurs: Entrepreneurs who focus on building high-growth, innovative companies with the potential to scale rapidly and disrupt markets.
  • Social Entrepreneurs: Those who start ventures with the primary goal of creating social or environmental impact, often addressing pressing societal issues.
  • Corporate Entrepreneurs (Intrapreneurs): Entrepreneurs who operate within large corporations, driving innovation and new business development from within.
  • Innovative Entrepreneurs: Entrepreneurs who consistently push the boundaries of their industries, introducing groundbreaking products, services, or business models.

Each type of entrepreneur brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the table, contributing to the overall diversity and dynamism of the business world.

Similarities Between Entrepreneurs and Businessmen

Despite their differences, entrepreneurs and businessmen share some common traits and characteristics that contribute to their success. These similarities include:

  1. Leadership skills: Both roles require the ability to lead and motivate teams, set goals, and make critical decisions.
  2. Goal orientation: Entrepreneurs and businessmen are driven by their goals, whether it's building a successful startup or growing an established company.
  3. Financial management: Both must be skilled at managing finances, creating budgets, and making sound financial decisions.
  4. Market understanding: A deep understanding of their target market, customer needs, and industry trends is essential for both entrepreneurs and businessmen.

While their approaches may differ, both entrepreneurs and businessmen play crucial roles in driving economic growth, creating jobs, and generating value for their stakeholders. Recognising these shared traits can help aspiring entrepreneurs and businessmen focus on developing the skills and qualities that are most likely to contribute to their success, regardless of the path they choose.

Final Thoughts

Choosing between the path of an entrepreneur or a businessman ultimately depends on your individual goals, risk appetite, and preferred work style. If you thrive on stability, have strong management skills, and prefer working with established business models, the path of a businessman may be right for you. On the other hand, if you're a passionate risk-taker with a drive to solve problems and disrupt industries with innovative ideas, entrepreneurship could be your calling.

Regardless of the path you choose, understanding the difference between a businessman and an entrepreneur is crucial in aligning your skills and passions with your professional goals. By recognising the key differences between entrepreneur and business man, you can make an informed decision about which route best suits your unique strengths and aspirations.

Ultimately, both entrepreneurs and businessmen contribute significantly to the economy, and society needs each type to thrive. The key is to align your career path with your unique strengths, passions, and goals. Whether you choose to be an innovator or an optimiser, the business world offers endless opportunities for growth and success.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Frequently Asked Questions

Who is bigger-entrepreneur or businessman?

Neither entrepreneurs nor businessmen are inherently "bigger" than the other. The scale and impact of their ventures depend on various factors such as industry, market conditions, and individual success. Some entrepreneurs may build large, disruptive companies, while some businessmen may run highly successful, established corporations.

Is a businessman also called an entrepreneur?

While businessmen and entrepreneurs share some common traits, they are not necessarily the same. A businessman typically operates within established market frameworks, focusing on profitability and stability, while an entrepreneur is driven by innovation and takes risks to create new products, services, or markets.

What are the challenges of being an entrepreneur and a businessman?

Both entrepreneurs and businessmen face challenges in their respective roles. Entrepreneurs often face high risk, uncertainty, and the need to constantly innovate, while businessmen may struggle with adapting to changing market conditions, maintaining profitability, and managing complex operations.

Are businessmen and entrepreneurs equally focused on long-term goals?

Both businessmen and entrepreneurs have long-term goals, but their focus may differ. Entrepreneurs often prioritize building scalable, innovative companies with the potential for high growth, while businessmen may focus on steady, long-term profitability and market share within established industries.

Who is an example of an entrepreneur?

Some well-known examples of entrepreneurs include Steve Jobs (Apple), Bill Gates (Microsoft), Elon Musk (Tesla, SpaceX), Jeff Bezos (Amazon), and Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook). These individuals founded innovative companies that disrupted industries and created entirely new markets.

Who is an example of a businessman?

Examples of successful businessmen include Warren Buffett (Berkshire Hathaway), Mukesh Ambani (Reliance Industries), Ratan Tata (Tata Group), and Lakshmi Mittal (ArcelorMittal). These individuals have led and grown large, established companies, focusing on profitability and market dominance within their respective industries.

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With nearly a decade of building and nurturing strategic connections in D2C space, Eashita is a business growth strategist known for turning networks into revenue, relationships into partnerships, and ideas into actionable growth.

A three-time founder across gender diversity, investing, and real estate-hospitality sectors, Eashita Maheshwary brings a unique blend of entrepreneurial empathy and ecosystem expertise. Now focused on helping startups and businesses scale, she specializes in enabling growth through partnerships with a proven track record of working across geographies like India and the Middle East.

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Form STK-2 for Winding Up of Companies: Procedure, Fees & Documents

Form STK-2 for Winding Up of Companies: Procedure, Fees & Documents

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has simplified the process of closing down non-operational companies by introducing Form STK-2. This form is filed for striking off or winding up a company by removing its name from the register of companies maintained by the Registrar of Companies (ROC).

Available for filing on the MCA portal, Form STK-2 is one of the most commonly used methods of company closure, especially for startups or businesses that are no longer in operation and wish to avoid ongoing compliance costs.

In this blog, we will cover everything you need to know about Form STK-2, including its purpose, eligibility, required documents, filing process, and key consequences.

Table of Contents

What is Form STK-2, and When is it Used?

Form STK-2 is prescribed under Section 248(2) of the Companies Act, 2013, allowing a company to apply for voluntary strike-off. It is used by companies that are:

  • Not carrying on any business for the last two consecutive financial years, or
  • Have not sought the status of a dormant company, and
  • Do not have any outstanding liabilities.

For example, consider a startup that launched operations but never scaled up. Instead of continuing to maintain compliance (like audits, annual filings, and tax submissions) with no business activity, the founders can choose to file Form STK-2 and officially close the company.

What are the Benefits of Filing STK-2?

Filing Form STK-2 provides several benefits:

  • Quick and cost-effective closure compared to liquidation.
  • Savings on audits and compliance costs that continue even if the company has no operations.
  • Faster process – usually completed within a few months.
  • Protection of directors and shareholders from future penalties or liabilities.

This makes STK-2 a practical option for small companies and startups that wish to wind up smoothly.

What are the Eligibility Criteria to File STK-2?

Not every company is eligible to file STK-2. The key criteria are:

  • Applicable to Private Limited Companies, One Person Companies (OPC), and Unlisted Public Companies.
  • The company should have no pending liabilities and must clear all dues before applying.
  • The business must not have carried on any activity for at least two consecutive years.
  • Board and special resolutions (approved by at least 75% of shareholders) are mandatory.

Companies that are listed, under inspection, or involved in ongoing litigation are not eligible for strike-off.

What Documents Are Required for STK-2?

The following documents must be attached while filing STK-2:

  • Board resolution and special resolution approving strike-off.
  • Affidavit by directors (Form STK-4) declaring no pending liabilities.
  • Indemnity bond by directors (Form STK-3), ensuring liability coverage.
  • The company's latest audited financial statements.
  • Directors’ PAN, Aadhaar, and digital signatures (DSC).
  • Incorporation documents like Certificate of Incorporation, MoA, and AoA.

How to File the STK-2 Form? Step-by-Step Guide

Here’s a step-by-step guide to filing Form STK-2:

  1. Board Approval: Conduct a board meeting and pass a resolution for closure.
  2. Shareholder Consent: Obtain a special resolution with 75% shareholder approval.
  3. Clear Liabilities: Pay off loans, creditors, and statutory dues.
  4. Prepare Documents: Collect Forms STK-2, STK-3, STK-4, audited accounts, MoA, AoA, and ID proofs.
  5. Online Filing: File Form STK-2 on the MCA portal along with attachments.
  6. Pay Government Fee: ₹10,000 is payable at the time of filing.
  7. ROC Review: The Registrar verifies documents and issues a public notice.
  8. Strike-Off Approval: Once satisfied, the ROC strikes the company name from the register.

Voluntarily Removing Company Name using Form STK-2

Companies can voluntarily apply for strike-off by:

  • Clearing all debts and liabilities.
  • Passing a special resolution with the approval of at least 75% members.
  • Seeking NOC/approval from regulatory bodies (if the company is under their regulation).

Effect of Removing Name from Register of Companies

Once the company’s name is removed under Section 248:

  • The company is dissolved and ceases to exist legally.
  • The Certificate of Incorporation is cancelled.
  • The company cannot carry on any business operations.

However, directors, managers, and shareholders remain liable for any past dues, fraud, or pending obligations as if the company had not been dissolved.

Closing of Company by Filing Form STK-2

The closure process through STK-2 involves:

  • ROC verification of pending liabilities.
  • Publication of a public notice inviting objections.
  • Striking off the company’s name from the register.
  • Publishing the strike-off notification in the Official Gazette.

Once published, the company is considered officially dissolved.

What are the Consequences of Not Filing STK-2?

Failing to close an inactive company can lead to several consequences:

  • Director disqualification under the Companies Act.
  • Heavy penalties and fines for non-filing of annual returns and financial statements.
  • Government-initiated strike-off without the company’s consent.
  • Restrictions on starting new companies for disqualified directors.
  • Continued obligations for tax filings and ROC compliance despite no business activity.

What Challenges Can You Face While Filing STK-2?

Some common challenges include:

  • Delays in obtaining tax or GST clearance.
  • Errors in affidavits or indemnity bonds.
  • Issues with expired DSCs of directors.
  • Non-cooperation from shareholders or directors.
  • ROC objections due to mismatched or incomplete details.

What is the Cost Involved in STK-2?

The cost of filing Form STK-2 includes:

  • Government fee
  • Professional charges
  • Notary and affidavit charges
  • DSC renewal costs, if applicable
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Frequently Asked Questions

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Sarthak Goyal is a Chartered Accountant with 10+ years of experience in business process consulting, internal audits, risk management, and Virtual CFO services. He cleared his CA at 21, began his career in a PSU, and went on to establish a successful ₹8 Cr+ e-commerce venture.

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Corporate Identification Number (CIN) Explained: Importance, Usage and More

Corporate Identification Number (CIN) Explained: Importance, Usage and More

A Corporate Identification Number (CIN) is a unique identifier issued to companies registered with India's Registrar of Companies (ROC). This number is provided at the time of registration and plays a vital role in company compliance. It must be included in all official filings, audits, and reports submitted to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). 

To ensure smooth business operations, you must include your CIN in all required documents. It’s mandatory and demonstrates your company’s legal standing.

Table of Contents

What Is a Corporate Identification Number (CIN)?

A Corporate Identification Number or CIN number is a 21-character alpha-numeric code assigned to companies registered under the Registrar of Companies in India. It acts as a unique identifier, reflecting details like the type of company, its state of registration, and year of incorporation.

A CIN is provided to all companies registered in India, including:

  • Private Limited Companies (PLCs)
  • One Person Companies (OPCs)
  • Companies owned by the Government of India
  • State Government Companies
  • Not-for-Profit Section 8 Companies
  • Nidhi Companies, etc.

In contrast, Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) are assigned an LLPIN (Limited Liability Partnership Identification Number). The CIN plays a vital role in company identification and compliance with legal obligations.

Importance of Corporate Identification Number

The CIN is critical for identifying and tracking a company’s activities from its incorporation. Assigned by the Registrar of Companies, it ensures every registered company has a distinct identity under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. This 21-character alpha-numeric code provides key details, such as the company’s registration type, state, and year of incorporation.

For example, a typical CIN might look like U12345MH2024PLC567890, where each segment represents specific company details.

The CIN must be included in all filings, audits, and reports submitted to the ROC or MCA. It is essential for verifying company information during legal and financial transactions, offering transparency and credibility. The CIN acts as the foundation for company identification, ensuring compliance with Indian business regulations.

Breaking Down Corporate Identification Number

A CIN is a 21-character alphanumeric code that reveals key details about a company. It is structured into six sections, each offering specific information that aids in company identification and regulatory tracking by the ROC and the MCA. Here’s a breakdown:

Section-1: Listing Status

The first character indicates whether a company is “Listed” or “Unlisted” on the stock market.

  • L: Listed on the Indian stock exchange.
  • U: Unlisted.

Section-2: Industry Classification

The following five numeric digits represent the company’s primary economic activity or industry. The MCA assigns each category of economic activity a specific code. For example, 12345 could signify a particular industry, such as technology or healthcare.

Section-3: Registration State

The following two letters identify the state where the company is registered. Examples include:

  • TN: Tamil Nadu
  • GJ: Gujarat
  • UP: Uttar Pradesh

This section functions similarly to state codes in vehicle registration numbers.

Section-4: Year of Incorporation

The next four numeric digits represent the company’s year of incorporation. For example, "2015" signifies that the company was established in 2015.

Section-5: Company Classification

The following three characters indicate the company type. Examples include:

  • PLC: Public Limited Company
  • NPL: Not-for-Profit Organisation
  • SGC: State Government Company

Section-6: Unique Registration Number

The last six digits are the company’s unique registration number, assigned by the ROC to distinguish it from other entities.

CIN number example: U12345TN2015PLC789101

This example shows an unlisted company (U) operating in a specific industry (12345), registered in Tamil Nadu (TN), incorporated in 2015 (2015), classified as a public limited company (PLC), with a unique registration number of 789101.

{{company-reg-cta}}

Abbreviations in CIN Number

The abbreviations used in Section 5 of the CIN include:

  • FLC: Financial Lease Company as Public Limited.
  • FTC: Private Limited Company Subsidiary of a Foreign Company.
  • GAP: General Association Public.
  • GAT: General Association Private.
  • GOI: Government of India-owned companies.
  • NPL: Not-for-Profit License Company.
  • PLC: Public Limited Company.
  • PTC: Private Limited Company.
  • SGC: State Government-owned Companies.
  • ULL: Unlimited Liability Limited Company.
  • ULT: Unlimited Liability Trust.

Usage of Corporate Incorporation Number

The CIN is essential for ensuring compliance and maintaining legitimacy. It must be used in the following:

  • Invoices: To identify the company in financial transactions.
  • Notices: For official communication with stakeholders.
  • Letterheads: To reflect the company’s legal identity in correspondence.
  • Annual Reports: As a mandatory disclosure for regulatory purposes.
  • MCA e-forms: To ensure accurate filing with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
  • Publications: For transparency in public-facing materials.

Using the CIN correctly ensures smooth corporate communication and compliance with Indian legal requirements.

Penalty for Non-Compliance of Mentioning CIN Number

Failing to comply with the requirement of mentioning the CIN on official documents can lead to significant penalties. If the requirements are not met, the defaulting company and its officers in default face a penalty of ₹1,000 per day, continuing until the non-compliance is rectified. The maximum penalty for such defaults is capped at ₹1,00,000. These penalties ensure strict adherence to regulatory norms and maintain transparency in corporate operations.

Changing Corporate Identification Number

You cannot directly change the Corporate Identification Number (CIN), but it automatically updates when specific changes occur in your company’s status or structure. These changes include:

  • Listing Status: The CIN updates automatically if your company transitions from private to public or is delisted. For example, a Private Limited Company converting into a Public Limited Company will update its CIN to reflect the new listing status.
  • Registered Office Location: Moving your company’s registered office to another state will result in an updated CIN to match the new state code. For example, if your company relocates its registered office from Maharashtra to Karnataka, the CIN will change from 'MH' to 'KA'.
  • Industry or Sector: A change in your company’s primary business activity will update the industry classification in the CIN. For example, a company shifting from software services to financial services will modify its CIN to reflect the new industry.

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Limited Liability Partnership
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(Pvt. Ltd.)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
  • Businesses looking to issue shares
  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


One Person Company
(OPC)

1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Freelancers, Small-scale businesses
  • Businesses looking for minimal compliance
  • Businesses looking for single-ownership

Private Limited Company
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1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Service-based businesses
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  • Businesses seeking investment through equity-based funding


Limited Liability Partnership
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1,499 + Govt. Fee
BEST SUITED FOR
  • Professional services 
  • Firms seeking any capital contribution from Partners
  • Firms sharing resources with limited liability 

Frequently Asked Questions

How to apply for CIN?

A CIN is automatically assigned to a company during its registration with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). You do not need to apply for it separately. Ensure you complete all registration requirements with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).

How do I find my company's CIN number?

You can find your company’s Corporate Identification Number (CIN) on the MCA website by following these steps:

  1. Visit the MCA website.
  2. Click on the 'MCA Services' tab on the homepage.
  3. From the 'Company Services' dropdown, select 'Find CIN'.
  4. Choose the 'Search Based on Existing Company/LLP Name' option.
  5. Enter the company name in the 'Existing Company' field, complete the captcha, and click 'Search'.

Is CIN allotted to LLP?

No, CIN is specific to companies registered under the Companies Act. Limited Liability Partnerships are assigned a unique identification called an LLPIN instead of a CIN.

What is an example of a corporate identity number?

An example of a CIN is U12345MH2020PTC098765, where:

  • U indicates an unlisted company.
  • 12345 represents the industry.
  • MH denotes Maharashtra as the state of registration.
  • 2020 is the year of incorporation.
  • PTC indicates a private limited company.
  • 098765 is the unique registration number.

How to get a CIN certificate?

Once a company is successfully registered, the ROC provides a CIN certificate. The certificate includes the CIN and other registration details as official proof of the company’s incorporation.

Are CIN and GST the same?

No, CIN and GST are entirely different. CIN is a company identification number issued during registration, while GSTIN (Goods and Services Tax Identification Number) is related to business tax compliance under the GST Act.

Is mentioning CIN on the company’s invoices, bills, and receipts mandatory?

Yes, the Corporate Identification Number (CIN) must be mentioned on invoices, bills, receipts, letterheads, notices, and other official documents. Non-compliance can result in penalties.

Akash Goel

Akash Goel is an experienced Company Secretary specializing in startup compliance and advisory across India. He has worked with numerous early and growth-stage startups, supporting them through critical funding rounds involving top VCs like Matrix Partners, India Quotient, Shunwei, KStart, VH Capital, SAIF Partners, and Pravega Ventures.

His expertise spans Secretarial compliance, IPR, FEMA, valuation, and due diligence, helping founders understand how startups operate and the complexities of legal regulations.

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Conversion of Private Limited Company to Public Limited Company: Step-by-Step Guide

Conversion of Private Limited Company to Public Limited Company: Step-by-Step Guide

For most growing businesses, starting out as a Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd) feels like the natural choice- it offers the safety net of limited liability, manageable compliance requirements, and the flexibility to focus on building the business without too much red tape. But as the business scales, ambitions grow bigger. You might want to raise significant capital, bring in a larger investor base, or even dream of going public someday. That’s when converting into a Public Limited Company starts making real sense.

So, what changes when you move from private to public?

  • Access to Public Funds: Unlike a private company, a public limited company can tap into larger funding avenues through IPOs or private placements, opening doors to serious growth capital.

  • Ease of Share Transfer: In a public company, shares are freely transferable, making it easier for investors or shareholders to buy, sell, or exit, boosting liquidity and appeal.

  • No Member Cap: Private companies are capped at 200 shareholders, but public companies have no such limit, giving you the freedom to expand your ownership base.

In this guide, we’ll break down exactly what it takes to convert your private company into a public one under the Companies Act, 2013, and walk you through the compliance steps and practical things you need to be ready for once you’ve made the leap.

Table of Contents

Procedure for Conversion into a Public Limited Company

Converting a private limited company into a public limited company in India is governed by the Companies Act, 2013, and involves a formalised legal process. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Convene a Board Meeting

2. Issue Notice for EGM

  • Send notices to all shareholders, directors, and auditors at least 21 days before the meeting.
  • The notice should include the agenda, draft resolutions, and explanatory statements.

3. Hold the Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM)

  • Pass a Special Resolution to approve the conversion from private to public.
  • Approve necessary alterations in the MoA (removal of “Private”) and AoA (removal of restrictive clauses on share transfer and member limits).

4. Filing with Registrar of Companies (RoC)

Submit the following forms with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) portal:

  • MGT-14: Filing of special resolutions within 30 days of passing them.
  • INC-27: Application for conversion, along with certified copies of resolutions, amended MoA/AoA, and EGM minutes.

5. Scrutiny and Approval by RoC

The Registrar reviews the application and, upon satisfaction, issues a Fresh Certificate of Incorporation reflecting the change in company status from private to public.

Related Read: Private Company Vs Public Company: Key Differences Explained

Post-Conversion Requirements

Once the company has been converted into a public limited company, several post-conversion formalities must be completed to align with regulatory and operational standards:

1. Update Statutory Documents

  • Obtain a new PAN reflecting the updated company name.
  • Revise all statutory records, financial statements, and company stationery (letterheads, invoices, website, etc.).

2. Inform Bankers and Financial Institutions

  • Update your company’s status with existing banks and financial institutions.
  • Amend authorised signatories if required.

3. Intimate Regulatory Authorities

  • Notify relevant authorities such as tax departments, GST authorities, and regulatory bodies, if applicable.

4. Compliance with Public Company Norms

  • Increase the number of directors to a minimum of 3 (as required for a public company).
  • Appoint independent directors and comply with applicable listing regulations (if planning for a stock exchange listing).
  • Adhere to enhanced disclosure norms, audit requirements, and corporate governance standards.

5. Prepare for Capital Raising (Optional)

  • If planning an IPO, start preparing for SEBI compliance, drafting offer documents, and engaging with merchant bankers.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Frequently Asked Questions

What Is the Form for Conversion of a Private Company into a Public Company?

The primary form used for the conversion of a private limited company into a public limited company in India is Form INC-27. It must be submitted along with supporting documents like the altered Memorandum of Association (MoA), Articles of Association (AoA), special resolution copy, and EGM minutes.Additionally, Form MGT-14 (for filing special resolutions) must also be filed within 30 days of passing the resolution at the EGM.

Can a Private Limited Company Go Public?

Yes, a Private Limited Company can go public by converting itself into a Public Limited Company.

After conversion, the company must comply with public company regulations under the Companies Act, 2013, including increased disclosure norms, appointment of independent directors (if applicable), and adherence to corporate governance standards.

What Section of the Companies Act, 2013 Governs Conversion of a Public Company into a Private Company?

The conversion of a Public Company into a Private Company is governed by Section 14 of the Companies Act, 2013.

  • Section 14(1) deals with altering the Articles of Association (AoA) to include provisions applicable to a private company.
  • Such a conversion requires passing a special resolution and obtaining approval from the Tribunal (NCLT) as mandated under Section 14(2).

Sarthak Goyal

Sarthak Goyal is a Chartered Accountant with 10+ years of experience in business process consulting, internal audits, risk management, and Virtual CFO services. He cleared his CA at 21, began his career in a PSU, and went on to establish a successful ₹8 Cr+ e-commerce venture.

He has since advised ₹200–1000 Cr+ companies on streamlining operations, setting up audit frameworks, and financial monitoring. A community builder for finance professionals and an amateur writer, Sarthak blends deep finance expertise with an entrepreneurial spirit and a passion for continuous learning.

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